曲线管道内颗粒运动及对管壁磨损的数值分析

根据张量分析理论,推导出非正交曲线柱坐标系中颗粒的运动方程。对三种类型弯管内两相流动的颗粒运动轨迹,颗粒与管壁面的碰撞以及颗粒对壁面的磨损进行了数值计算。     

回流燃烧室弯曲段冲击扰流柱+逆向对流+气膜冷却效率

为从理论上分析研究回流燃烧室弯曲段冲击扰流柱+逆向对流+气膜冷却结构的传热特性,设计了多种不同几何尺寸的计算模型,运用Fluent软件从流动与换热两个方面对其进行了系统的研究,得出了如下结论:(1)扰流柱的存在强化了冷却空气在冲击腔中的扰动,使得冷却空气与冷侧壁面的换热得到大大地加强,提高了复合冷却结构的冷却效率;(2)在本文研究的几何尺度下,附着于弯曲段热侧壁面的气膜层有效长度最大弧度不超过10°;(3)吹风比对复合冷却效率有很大的影响,在冷却壁面冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增加,但当吹风比M＞1.5时,吹风比对冷却效率的影响已不明显;(4)扰流柱的排列形式对冷却效果的影响不大.     

圆弧形榫连结构高/低循环疲劳试验研究

针对大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇叶/盘榫连结构,提出了缩比为1:2.5的圆弧形榫连结构疲劳试验方案,分别设计了高、低循环疲劳试验件及其夹具,并进行了疲劳试验验证.为了简化试验,低循环疲劳试验采用拉-拉循环加载试验方案,高循环疲劳试验则通过测定试验件1阶弯曲振型下的疲劳极限来实现.在低循环疲劳试验中,试验件结构的裂纹萌生寿命远大于60000次循环,具备足够的抗低循环疲劳能力;在高循环疲劳试验中,试验件结构在设计目标为207 MPa下通过了3×107循环的疲劳寿命考核.结果表明:圆弧形榫连结构的高、低循环疲劳试验装置设计合理,实现了预期的试验目标;所设计的圆弧形榫连结构具有良好的抗疲劳性能,满足大涵道比发动机的寿命设计目标;失效形式为由微动磨损引起的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展.     

碰摩作用下盘片榫连结构接触特性的响应分析

以某压气机燕尾形榫连结构为研究对象,基于ANSYS有限元软件,建立了盘片的有限元模型.用脉冲力模拟局部碰摩时的碰摩力,分析了两种碰摩情况对榫连结构接触特性的影响,首先分析了侵入量为定值时,不同转速对榫连结构接触特性的影响,接着分析了当转速为定值时,不同侵入量对榫连结构接触特性的影响.研究结果表明:随着转速的升高,榫连结构的最大接触压力和最大接触滑移距离不断的增加,最大接触压力变化规律变得更加复杂,而最大接触滑移距离变化规律逐渐趋于稳定并且最大接触滑移距离之间的变化幅度减小.随着侵入量的增加,榫连结构的最大接触压力以及最大接触滑移距离都会增大,但过大的侵入量将导致最大接触滑移距离发生突变.通过分析不同工况下几个节点接触压力及接触滑移距离的频谱响应,发现碰摩会产生转频的高倍频成分,当转频的倍频成分接近叶片固有频率时会出现倍频幅值放大现象.      

脉冲射流控制弯曲扩压管道流动分离的特点

结合弯曲扩压通道的脉冲射流总体控制规律,开展了不同射流频率下通道内流场的稳定及动态特性分析.研究结果表明:定常射流控制状态下,流场内沿径向不同位置流动特性的变化幅度基本相同,定常射流通过压制通道内复杂流动现象达到整体线性地改变通道内流场特性的效果;而在合理脉冲射流控制状态下,脉冲射流对流场的影响主要是通过改变分离涡的脉动时空特性,沿径向逐步增强对流场的影响,从而使得主流区内总压损失降低幅度最为明显,此时扩压通道内占主导地位分离涡的周期性特征有了明显的改善,流场拟序结构更为有序.      

大弯角扩压叶栅吸力面全域压力分布的PSP实验

基于自行组建的PSP(pressure sensitive paint)测量系统,采用中国科学院化学研究所PSP,实验测量了来流马赫数分别为0.4和0.5时大弯角扩压叶栅叶片吸力面全域压力分布,并与传统测压技术所得结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:①采用PSP技术测量可以获得叶片表面全域的连续压力分布,具有空间分布率高、定量测量的特点;②叶片中部PSP测量压力值与压力扫描阀结果吻合得非常好,但受到叶片吸力面曲率的影响,叶片前缘与尾缘附近的误差较大,最大误差为4.48%;③随着来流速度的提高,PSP与压力扫描阀之间的误差逐渐减小.      

基于逆最优问题的最优制导律及特性分析

在典型的能量最优制导律基础上,将制导律的2个特征根从有限的点/线区域扩展到所有可能的正实根区域,进而提出制导律中的逆最优问题。详细讨论了逆最优问题中性能指标加权矩阵的构造过程,给出了加权矩阵和Riccati矩阵的计算公式;将控制权矩阵选为time-to-go的负n次幂的形式,对加权矩阵的求解进行了举例说明。对8组不同的特征根研究结果表明,尽管每一对可能的特征根取值都能找到最优解释,但这并不能保证与其对应的制导律都能达到与典型能量最优制导律类似的制导性能,特征根取值越靠近典型能量最优制导律,则相对应的制导特性也越接近。     

橡皮液压成形工艺的可靠性稳健优化设计方法

针对当前橡皮液压成形工艺过程中材料特性、工艺参数和其他随机因素都存在的固有波动问题,面向飞机精准制造,提出了一种考虑不确定性的可靠性稳健优化设计方法.该方法基于稳健优化设计和合理的可靠性约束,对比了可靠性稳健优化解和传统优化解相关度量指标,并对2B06-O态铝合金板材橡皮成形典型的曲弯边零件进行了工艺试验验证.结果表明该方法可有效降低质量评价指标对不确定性因素的敏感度,提高了橡皮成形工艺的稳健性和可靠性.     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.